Approval begins the next test for an infrastructure project.

After Approval follows five Nigerian projects from appraisal and approval towards financial close, construction and operation.

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A field note on the conditions that shape delivery after approval.

After Approval publication cover

What must remain true for a project to move from approval into delivery and operation?

An approval records a decision at a particular moment. From there, agreements must be completed, interfaces coordinated, finance secured, works delivered and the future operator prepared. Each stage tests the assumptions under which the original case was made.

Azura Edo and Qua Iboe

Two projects within one guarantee programme reached sharply different outcomes, opening a close examination of agreements, guarantees, fuel, transmission and sponsor commitments.

Lekki Deep Sea Port

A study of how a transport and logistics asset moves through construction, commissioning and operation alongside supporting infrastructure and commercial expectations.

The Lagos Blue Line

A review of the decisions, interfaces and construction conditions shaping passenger service and integration with the network around it.

The Second Niger Bridge

An examination of how a major transport asset acquires value through access, network connection and use.

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